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Flora

09/06/2026

We Celebrated World Environment Day in the Town of Kalofer

On June 9, in recognition of World Environment Day, experts from the “Central Balkan” National Park Directorate visited “Hristo Botev” Secondary School in the town of Kalofer.

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08/06/2026

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05/06/2026

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01/06/2026

By Order No. RD 215 of March 6, 2026 of the Minister of Environment and Waters, the area of ​​the Central Balkan National Park has been updated.

The area update was carried out on the basis of Art. 42, para. 6 of the Protected Areas Act, as a result of more accurate measurements.

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22/05/2026

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22/05/2026

22 May – International Day for Biological Diversity

“Local Action for Global Impact”

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21/05/2026

Photo Contest Marking 34 Years of Natura 2000

On 21 May 2026, we celebrate 34 years since the establishment of the NATURA 2000 network of protected areas in the European Union.

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20/05/2026

World Bee Day – "Together with Bees for People and the Planet"

Celebrate World Bee Day on May 20 and learn why bees and pollinators are essential for food, biodiversity, and healthy ecosystems worldwide.

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22/04/2026

We celebrate World Earth Day on April 22

The Central Balkan National Park Directorate joined in celebrating World Earth Day on April 22 in a joint initiative with the Vasil Levski Secondary School - Sevlievo, where teachers, parents and students from four 2nd grade classes planted a total of 12 coniferous trees in the Pine Forest Park.

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22/04/2026

The Annual Plan for Grazing and Use of Hay in the Central Balkan National Park for 2026 was approved

By Order of the Director of the Park Directorate today, April 22, 2026, the Annual Plan for Grazing and Use of Hay in the Central Balkan National Park for 2026 was approved.

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21/04/2026

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17/04/2026

Temporary suspension of passage along the route from Dom Kordela to the Kostina area

Access and passage along Route No. 6 “Dom Kordela – Kostina Area” (Benkovski Trail), passing through the Boatin Reserve, Teteven Park Section, is temporarily suspended

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08/04/2026

Sokolna Hut Transferred to the Management of the Central Balkan National Park Directorate

As of the current year, the management of Sokolna Hut has been officially assigned to the Central Balkan National Park Directorate.

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31/03/2026

apture the Future: A Global Youth Storytelling Initiative for People and Nature

If you are a young photographer or visual storyteller aged between 18 and 35, and if you find inspiration in the connection between people and nature — a connection woven into harmonious unity within the boundaries of biosphere parks — you could take part in this year’s UNESCO and Vivo initiative Capture the Future.

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30/03/2026

Meeting with stakeholders for the Annual Plan for grazing and hay use prezentation

On April 8, 2026 (Tuesday), a meeting will be held in the “Vasil Karaivanov” Hall at the Karlovo Municipality (Karlovo, 1 Petko Sabev St.) between representatives of the Central Balkan National Park Directorate and prospective pasture users in the Park.

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24/03/2026

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24/03/2026

We celebrated World Water Day together with children from “Stefan Peshev” Primary School

On March 23, on the occasion of World Water Day, experts from the Central Balkan National Park Directorate conducted educational activities with students from grades 4 “B” and “C” at “Stefan Peshev” Primary School in the town of Sevlievo.

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23/03/2026

March 23 – International Bear Day

International Bear Day has been celebrated every year on March 23 since 1992. This day is dedicated to some of the most impressive and powerful animals on the planet – bears.

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20/03/2026

The World Water Day is coming

This Sunday, March 22, the world will mark World Water Day. The initiative aims to raise awareness of the global water crisis and to encourage the sustainable management of water resources.

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20/03/2026

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19/03/2026

Draft of an Annual plan for livestock grazing and using of hay in the Central Balkan NP

Draft of an Annual plan for livestock grazing and using of hay in the Central Balkan NP 2026 was announced with an Order of CBNPD Director.

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16/03/2026

Successful Operation Against Unauthorized Motor Vehicle Use in Central Balkan National Park

On 15 March, in the area of Bukova Mogila locality within the Troyan Park Section, staff members of the Central Balkan National Park Directorate carried out a specialized operation to monitor compliance with the regulations in the protected area.

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19/02/2026

DNPCB Team Locates Missing Tourist Alive in the Area of Golyam Kademliya

The teams of the Central Balkan National Park Directorate and the Mountain Rescue Service successfully located the missing Nikola Vladov from the village of Dzhulyunitsa. The man was found in the area above Babsko Praskalo after being missing for four days.

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19/02/2026

Large-Scale Search Operation for Missing Tourist in Central Balkan National Park

A major rescue operation is underway in the area of Mount Golyam Kademlia in Central Balkan National Park following a report of a missing tourist.

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18/02/2026

The Central Balkan National Park Directorate Visits Kindergarten ‘Osmi Mart’ – Troyan

An expert from the Central Balkan National Park Directorate visited the children of Kindergarten “Osmi Mart” in the town of Troyan. Thirteen children from the kindergarten’s fourth group had the opportunity to learn more about the National Park.

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13/02/2026

A temporary restriction on visitor movement in the southern parts of the Park is being introduced until the end of April 2026

By order prohibits visitors from moving outside the marked tourist trails and roads throughout the entire territory of the Tazha and Kalofer park sections within Central Balkan National Park.

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02/02/2026

Wetlands and traditional knowledge: a bridge between nature and cultural heritage

On February 2, we celebrate World Wetlands Day – a tribute to some of the planet’s most valuable ecosystems. Wetlands purify water, reduce flood risks, store carbon, and provide habitats for a vast diversity of plants and animals. But their importance goes far beyond ecological functions.

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30/01/2026

A modification to the type of ribbon marking used along hiking trails traversing protected areas designated as Reserve and Managed Reserve is envisaged

By Order RD‑11/07.01.2026, the Minister of Environment and Water establishes the means for marking the protected areas in the Republic of Bulgaria

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19/01/2026

Еxperts from the Central Balkan took part in the winter waterbird census

Employees of the Park Directorate took part in the Midwinter Waterbird Census in Bulgaria. They visited several water bodies outside the boundaries of the Park, the largest of which was Sopot Reservoir.

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09/01/2026

The ban on visits and bivouacs at the "Byala Reka" campsite is extended

We inform you that Order No. RD-337 of 30.12.2025 of the Director of the Directorate "Central Balkan National Park" (CBNPD) extends the period of prohibitions for the Visitor Complex (VC) "Byala Reka"

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08/01/2026

A ban on vehicle traffic is introduced on the road from Troyanski Prohod to Dermenka hut

By Order No. RD-MM-1 dated 06.01.2026 of the Director of the Directorate "Central Balkan National Park", in order to protect the life and health of visitors to the National Park, the movement, stay and parking of motor vehicles (MPV) (including ATV and UTV of all classes) on road No. 12 Troyanski prohod - Dermenka hut.

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08/01/2026

The areas of the reserves in the Park have been updated

By orders of the Minister of Environment and Water, the areas of the 9 reserves falling within the Central Balkan National Park

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22/12/2025

The youngest reserve in the Central Balkan celebrates its 38th anniversary today

On this day, December 22, the “Kozya Stena” Reserve was established—the smallest of all nine reserves in the Central Balkan National Park.

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28/11/2025

The ban on camping and visiting the “Byala Reka” Visitor Complex is extended

We would like to inform you that by Order No. RD-313 of 28.11.2025 issued by the Director of the “Central Balkan National Park” Directorate (CBNPD), the period of the prohibitions for the “Byala Reka” Visitor Complex has been extended until 30.12.2025.

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27/11/2025

A New Scientific Advisory Council Will Support the Work of the Park Directorate

On 25 and 26 November 2025, a founding meeting was held in the town of Apriltsi to establish a Scientific Advisory Council to the Directorate of “Central Balkan National Park”

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03/11/2025

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31/10/2025

The Central Balkan National Park Directorate removed an illegally parked camper from the territory of the National Park

On October 30, in accordance with the Order No. RD-PAM – 1/05.06.2020 of the Director of the Central Balkan National Park Directorate (CBNPD), an illegally parked truck (camper) was removed from the borders of the Central Balkan National Park

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31/10/2025

Today, the Central Balkan National Park celebrates

On this date in 1991, by order of the Minister of Environment, the Central Balkan was established.

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20/10/2025

The autumn festivals Partner of the Central Balkan Biosphere Park have started

On Saturday, 18.10.2025, the Directorate of the Central Balkan National Park, with the support and hosting of the Troyan Municipality, opened the first of the three festive events of the festival "Partner of the Central Balkan Biosphere Park".

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13/10/2025

Central Balkan NPD participates in an annual meeting on old-growth beech forests in Muzcne, Poland

From 5 to 8 October, the annual meeting of the Joint Management Committee (JMC) of the serial World Heritage Site “Old and Primary Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions in Europe” was held in Muzcne, Poland (Biezchady National Park).

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10/09/2025

Eight students from the Central Balkan National Park region participated in the first youth exchange dedicated to beech forests as a UNESCO site

From 20 to 31 August, Germany hosted the first youth exchange called “UNESCO World Heritage – European Beech Forests”. A total of 60 young people and group leaders from six countries – Bulgaria, Italy, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Ukraine and the hosts from Germany – participated.

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05/09/2025

CBNPD presented the results of the first scientific project for the territory of the Central Balkan Biosphere Park

The results and activities carried out under the project “Study of forest ecosystems in mountain watersheds in the Central Balkan Biosphere Park” were presented yesterday at the “Nauka 1870” Community Center in Troyan.

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05/09/2025

Actions against poachers in the Central Balkan National Park

In just one day, the security forces organized two actions in the protected area.

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11/08/2025

Central Balkan National Park launches campaign to clean its hiking trails

In recent days, employees of the Central Balkan National Park Directorate have begun cleaning the overgrown sections of the tourist routes in the Park.

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01/08/2025

CBNPD officers detained a poacher in the Sokolna reserve after an operation

Due to violations and increased reports of poaching in the area of the Sokolna hut, on the orders of Georgi Krastev, Director of the Central Balkan National Park Directorate (CBNPD), measures have been taken in the area for daily patrolling and surveillance by park guards.

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29/07/2025

We celebrated the Park Rangers' Day with many new challenges and entertainment

On July 26, in connection with World Ranger Day, the "Ranger's Day" was held for the sixth consecutive year.

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21/07/2025

Successful operation against treasure hunting in the Central Balkan National Park

On Saturday, July 19, employees of the Central Balkan National Park Directorate (CBNP) conducted an operation against treasure hunters in the area of Gorni Polenitsi in the security section "Vidima" of the park section "Stokite".

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18/07/2025

Central Balkan National Park employees caught poachers near the Park

An employee of the Park Directorate received yesterday a photo from a camera trap, which captured violators with long-barreled hunting weapons near the border of the Central Balkan National Park (CBNP) with the forest territories of the State Forestry Administration (SFA) - Teteven.

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01/07/2025

“Where the River is Born” – How Forest Ecosystems Influence Rivers

With a creative workshop “Where the River is Born”, experts from the Central Balkan National Park Directorate presented the role of mountain ecosystems in the management and quality of water in river catchments.

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23/05/2025

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02/05/2025

With a call to protect nature, the Director of the Central Balkan National Park Directorate opened the new office of the Directorate in the village of Ribaritsa

On April 29, at a solemn ceremony, Georgi Krastev, Director of the Central Balkan National Park Directorate (CBNPD), had the honor of opening the long-awaited, newly built office of the Teteven Park District (PD) of the Park Directorate, located in the village of Ribaritsa.

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05/03/2025

Violators with high-pass vehicles in the Central Balkan National Park have been sanctioned

Park Directorate employees detected unregulated movement of motor vehicles in the Park over the past weekend.

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23/08/2024

What you need to know when visiting Central Balkan National Park

Wildlife has a right to privacy. Preserve it in its natural state by using wisely your right to recreation and knowledge.

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News archive

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The Park has been identified 1,689 species of spore and seed plants, 238 species of mosses, 4 species of sedges, 4 species of horsetails, 28 species of ferns, 45 species of algae, 337 species of macromycetes, of which 57 species of edible mushrooms.

The phytofond of the Central Balkan National Park represents 41% of the species diversity of the flora in Bulgaria.

Nature conservation-significant taxa:

  • 78 species included in the Biological Diversity Act (BDA);
  • 58 species included in the Red Book of Bulgaria;
  • 120 species included in the Red List of vascular plants in Bulgaria;
  • 17 species included in the IUCN Red List;
  • 75 species of Bakan endemics;
  • 23 species of local endemics;
  • 101 relict species.
​FORESTS IN THE PARK


One of the most characteristic features of the forests in the Central Balkans is that a large part of them are little influenced by human intervention, especially in the more inaccessible parts of the Park. The conditions that have the strongest influence on the distribution of forests are the exposure, the altitude, which in turn determine the temperature and light regime, the type and richness of the soil, the soil and air humidity. This, as well as the specific requirements and biology of each species, determines the species diversity in the forest ecosystems in the Park, as well as their wide distribution.
 

  • Forests occupy the largest area – about 60% of the Park's territory;
  • A significant part of the forest area (84.8%) is deciduous;
  • Beech communities cover 42% of the Park's territory;
  • The average age of beech communities is 133 years, and on an area of ​​24,401 ha they are over 100 years old;
  • There are many more broad-leaved species. In addition to beech (Fagus sylvatica), mountain sycamore (Acer heldreichii), sycamore (Acer platanoides), wild cherry (Prunus avium), mountain ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and many others grow singly or in small groups. Of the more heat-loving and drought-resistant species found in the territory of the "Central Balkans", the winter oak (Quercus petrea), oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis), ash (Fraxinus ornus) and others are found.
  • Of the coniferous tree species, the most widespread are the communities dominated by spruce (Picea abies), with the area occupied by spruce forests being 1,825 ha, and the average age of the forests in the belt being about 115 years. Other characteristic coniferous species are the common fir (Abies alba) and the white pine (Pinus peuce). The yew (Taxus baccata) is a species from the Red Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. The European pine (Pinus mugo) is represented by a single locality in the Park.
  • Very rare are the natural xerophytic forests dominated by black pine (Pinus nigra ssp. pallassiana) and the forests dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), located mainly in the higher parts of the Central Balkans.

Forests have extremely important functions in the Earth's biosphere. They maintain the water regime of streams and groundwater, responsible for supplying settlements with drinking water. Also, with their soil-reinforcing and soil-forming functions, they resist erosion and limit damage from natural disasters. Forests form habitats, provide shelter and food for birds, bats and other mammals and are especially important for hard-to-see forest species, such as insects, mushrooms and lichens. Forests purify air and water, regulate the microclimate, participate in photosynthesis and the cycle of substances.
In addition to all this, they have scientific, educational and aesthetic value - the amazing color and diversity of landscapes charge with spiritual energy, awaken the thirst for discoveries and adventures, evoke a sense of pride in the amazing nature of Bulgaria. They create conditions for enjoyment among the wild world through tourism, recovery, sports, recreation and rest.

 

SHRUB SPECIES


Shrub ecosystems are mainly represented in the high-mountainous treeless zone of the National Park, and less often in small areas as part of the beech and coniferous forests.
In places, forest communities alternate with small secondary shrub communities, most often on the outskirts of forests or in roadside clearings. Hazel (Corylus avellana), dog rose (Rosa canina), sloe (Prunus spinosa), common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), etc. dominate in their composition. On the steep and eroded terrains on the southern slopes of the Stara Planina, mainly in the area of ​​the Sokolna reserve, red juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) is most often found.
The alternation of shrub and grass communities is observed along the upper border of the forest, between 1500 and 1850 m above sea level. to the ridge of the mountain, but not on the highest peaks. The main dominant species in these communities are mainly coniferous and ericoid shrubs, such as Siberian juniper (Juniperus sibirica), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), and mountain ash (Bruckenthalia spiculifolia). Raspberry (Rubus idaeus), mugo (Pinus mugo), and bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) are more limitedly distributed. Shrub communities dominated by alpine rose (Rhododendron myrtifolium) in the areas of Tuzha hut and Yurushka Gramada peak are rare and highly vulnerable.

 

GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS


Grassland communities are mainly distributed in the high subalpine and alpine treeless areas of the Park. Under the influence of the intensive grazing regime in the past and the annual burning of the shrubs and woody vegetation on the ridge parts of the Park, extensive and species-poor pasture communities have formed, dominated by the cartel (Nardus stricta) with the participation of the field fescue (Agrostis capillaris), the sedge (Deschampsia flexuosa) and many other herbaceous species.
 

THE HERBS IN THE PARK


166 species of medicinal plants have been registered or 66.4% of their fund in the country. A number of species of medicinal plants are included in the Red Book of Bulgaria. Others are protected by the relevant nature conservation laws. Not all plants included in the Red Book are protected. But their presence there means: “Caution! Red signal! This species needs special attention and conservation measures, as it is relatively rare!

The following medicinal plants, common in the "Central Balkans", are included in the Red Book:

  • Yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea);
  • Spotted gentian (Gentiana punctata);
  • Folded gentian (Alchemilla plicatula);
  • Akhtar gentian (Alchemilla achtarowii);
  • Yumrukchal gentian (Alchemilla jumrukczalica);
  • Soft gentian (Alchemilla mollis);
  • Balkan gentian (Alchemilla catachnoa);
  • Undivided gentian (Alchemilla indivisa);
  • Star gentian (Alchemilla asteroantha);
  • Pyrenean gentian (Alchemilla pyrenaica);
  • Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis);
  • Yew (Taxus baccata);
  • Kazakh juniper (Juniperus sabina);
  • Bulgarian ranilist (Stachys bulgarica);
  • Soft lungwort (Pulmonaria mollissima);
  • Valeriana Montana.


 

Silver fir (Abies alba)

Evergreen tree high up to 50 meters. Its crown is conical in young trees, becoming columnar in old ones, often with a flat top.

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European beech or Common beech(Fagus sylvatica)

This  is the most typical forest tree in Central Balkan National Park. Broad-leaf tree with a height up to 35 meters.

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Balkan maple (Heldreich`s Maple) (Acer heldreichii)

Broad-leaf tree, reaching a height of 25-30 meters. Its crown is conical. The bark is smooth and pink-gray in young trees.

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European Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus)

Broad-leaf tree, high up to 30 meters. The crown is domed. The bark is gray-silvery smooth and thin.

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English Yew (Taxus baccata)

Coniferous tree reaching a height of 20-27 meters with wide crown, formed by quickly growing lower branches. In Central Balkan National Park it possesses usually a shrubby growth form.

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Norway spruce (Picea abies)

The Ordinary spruce (Picea abies) is a tree that reaches a height of 50 m and has a regular conical shape.

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Siberian Juniper (Juniperus sibirica)

The Siberian Juniper is relatively small shrub occuring above the alpine timber line.

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Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce)

In Central Stara Planina it is mainly distributed in the region of Tsarichina reserve, where the northernmost location is the world occurs.

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Austrian Black pine (Pinus nigra)

Тhe Black pine-tree (Pinus nigra) reaches a height of 40 m and has an irregular in shape and patent crown. The bark of the tree is thick, grey in color and deeply cracked...

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Balkan daphne (Daphne blagayana)

It is a small evergreen bush distributed in Central and Southeastern Europe. In Bulgaria it inhabits only the region of the Central Stara Planina.

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Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum)

This species is credited as a symbol of mountain tourism. It is  perennial grass plant, high up to 12 cm, covered thickly by whitish hairs.

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Janka`s Lily (Lilium jankae)

It is also called Yellow mountain lily or Wood- nymph tulip. This species is one of the most beautiful plants of Central Balkan National Park. It is a perennial plant with yellow flowers.

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Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)

The blueberry is a low deciduous bush – up to 40 cm. The stems are branched and with ribbed, green branches.

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Yellow Gentian (Gentiana lutea)

The Yellow Gentian (Gentiana lutea) is a perennial herbaceous plant with a thick succulent root system.

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Stara Planina primrose (Primula frondosa)

It is a perennial grass plant. In the region of the Park it occurs often, in wet grass habitats and along the streams, rock cervices, on limestone, predominantly in the belt between 1400 – 1900 m of elevation.

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Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis)

It is distributed in Central Europe and on the Balkan Peninsular. It inhabits bushes, forests and meadows up to 1800 m of elevation.

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Mat grass (Nardus stricta)

The species is widely spread in Central Stara Planina, as well as in the other Bulgarian mountains. The reason for this are its characteristics – the powerful root system, consisting of two types of roots.

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Globe flower (Trollius europaeus)

The Globe flower is a tall perennial plant up to 1m in height with typical palmate leaves. The flowers are large and yellow.

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Belladonna (Atropa belladonna)

This is a perennial tall plant (up to 3m), with very typical large leaves, dark red to brown flowers and glimmer dark fleshy fruits.

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Martagon Lily (Lilium martagon)

The Martagon Lily is an exceptionally beautiful bulbous plant, which reaches up to 1m in height.

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Cranberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea)


It`s a small deciduous shrib up to 20 cm height. The fruits are edible, but their sweetness is mixed with an acidic taste.

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Pančič Angelica (Angelica pančičii)

Pančič Angelica is a Balkan endemic and it`s included in Bulgarian Red data Book. In Central Balkan NP it occurs mostly along the rivers and small mountain streams.

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Common yarrow (Achillea millefolium)

Common yarrow is known as milfoil, thousand- leaf and soldier`s woundwort, too.

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Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris)

Caltha palustris is a plant commonly mentioned in literature, from Shakespeare for example.

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European Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia)

The Latin name (Sorbus aucuparia) means sorbeo – “absorb, swallow”, auca – “bird” and pario – “bear”.

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Mezereon (Daphne mezereum)

This species is a small shrub, up to 2 m in height with extremely flexible branches. The flowering period is at the end of the winter and the flowers are very aromatic. The plant is poisonous and is used in the medecine.

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St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)

It`s a perennial plant with bright yellow flowers. It`s a wide spread medicinal species. The most common name comes from its harvesting on St John`s day, 24 June.

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Oregano (Origanum vulgare)

Oregano is a widely used ingredient in different national cuisines. It`s an important part of the traditional preparation of a bulgarian tea, called  "Balkan tea".

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Common (European) centaury (Centaurium erythraea)

The latin names comes from "centaurus" – “centaur” и гр. erithros – "red", from the colout of the flowers. The genus was formerly called Chironia, from the Centaur Chiron, who was famous in Greek mythology for his skill in medicinal herbs.

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Wild raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

The species name idaeus refers to its occurence on Mount Ida near Troya in northwest Turkey, where the ancient Greeks were most familiar with it.

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Common Mistletoe (Viscum album)

Common Mistletoe is a symbol of happiness, love, health or abundance in different myths and legends.

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Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara)

The name of the genus - Tussilago means "cough suppressant", from latain tussio " - “cough".

Coltsfoot is a perennial herb, which is often found in colonies of dozens of plants.

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Red Houseleek (Sempervivum erythreum)

This species is a succulent plant with typical rosette at the base and with beautiful pink to red flowers.

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Wall germander (Teucrium chamaedrys)

Germander is widely used as an ornamental plant. It is known like a herb from the Antiquity and even like a magical flower.

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